Reference and DOI checker
Does each DOI exist, and is it registered under the title you cite? A flag is a prompt for human review, not a verdict.
Privacy: unlike the other tools, this one does contact a server. Your browser sends only the DOIs (and the optional email below) to the public Crossref API at api.crossref.org; the reference text itself is not uploaded and nothing goes to verifyR. Do not use it for confidential reference lists.
How to read the results
- Resolves: Crossref has a record for the DOI (and, if you gave a title, it agrees).
- Title mismatch: the DOI is real but registered under a different title. A real DOI with an invented title is a common pattern in fabricated references, but subtitles and wording differences also occur: verify manually.
- Not found: Crossref has no such DOI. It may be mistyped, invented, or registered with another agency such as DataCite.
- Possible retraction signal: the Crossref record mentions a retraction-type update. Coverage is incomplete, so always check manually; a missing signal proves nothing.
- Requests are sent one at a time with a short pause. Network errors do not stop the run and say nothing about the reference.